Analysis Of Creative And Innovative Management - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 13 Words: 3954 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Management Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? The good organizations become best by adopting innovation. It is more than an invention as it also includes an attitude that encourage new concepts and risk attach with that new concepts. Excessive investments are not needed if a company has awareness about innovation and can use it to create products with unique features. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Analysis Of Creative And Innovative Management" essay for you Create order So they create a friendly behaviour for new concepts, ideas, risk, change and even failure (Fortune, March 3, 1997). Managerial innovations are those adjustments in the process of management that gives ideas of products and services and than help in their production and delivery to the customers. It is not essential that effectiveness and efficiencies of product or services get effects from innovations by management (https://tumipc.info). Product versus Process Innovations: Innovations in processes and products are very significant classifications of technical innovations. Product innovations either generate entirely new products with distinct features or may help in increasing the performance and physical features of old products and services. Process innovations are changes in the way products or services are manufactured, created, or distributed. Whereas managerial innovations generally affect the broader context of development, process innovations directly affect manu facturing (https://tumipc.info), the implementation of robotics. Thus product innovations are particularly important during these beginning phases. Later, as an innovation enters the phases of growth, maturity, and decline, Vodafones ability to develop process innovations, such as fine-tuning manufacturing, increasing product quality, and improving product distribution, becomes important to maintaining economic return (https://tumipc.info). Explain how management in your selected organization would lead staff to accept and implement innovation The Human Energy of Innovation Innovation is difficult. Its hard not to be constrained by organisational history, politics and budgets. Its even harder to think of innovation as a human energy and not a process (www.10again.co.uk). Lead the Way to Successful Innovation in Vodafone The collaboration necessary, general cultural differences that can influence the process and the importance that organizational culture has on creating an environment that supports innovation, after these presentation keynotes, I often get a few people who approach me with their stories about innovation in their organizations. They tell me how great the information was and wished they could apply it into their own organizations, but they know that it would never be supported (www.bia.ca). It seems that while individuals are given the necessary time in their jobs to generate ideas, they are not given the time that is really required to explore them through a proper process for innovation. This therefore makes it difficult, if not impossible, for true innovation to happen. Now I realize that those who asked me the question may not necessarily be in positions to change their organizations cultures but maybe they could start to create change within their own spheres of influence, such as a department, plant, location, store, etc. Sometimes Vodafone need to think on a smaller scale and then demonstrate to the organization the value of what they are doing, demonstrated success will help greatly to sell the idea. Implementing innovative cultures and processes into organizations they have found that executives often ask themselves, Why are not they better at innovation? There are lots of examples out there and lots of advice. But in reality innovation challenges differ from one organization to another. Just as each innovation is unique, so is Vodafones culture. The process of innovation that works in one place will not necessarily work in another. They must consider the culture (www.bia.ca). Vodafone India further demonstrates their commitment to innovation when they build innovation into performance management. They measure managements performance on the basis of their ability to create new value-added products, services and ideas. As well, they assess t he extent to which managers undertake this jointly with staff, rather than independent of their staff, because this demonstrates a clearer understanding of the use of an innovation process versus simply the result of management directive. Vodafone managers can demonstrate this in their regular department meetings by focussing on the exploration of new ideas. They can train employees in the innovation process. They can allow time for employees to explore their ideas. They apply an aggressive effort to build new opportunities based on the development of new services and products (www.bia.ca). Evaluate the influence of the organizations vision and mission on supporting innovation. In todays fast moving economic situation, mostly category breaking business environments meet their mission, vision and objectives. Only such companies meet their estimate growth, gain profit, out run their competitors and show excellence in execution. They achieve by the culture of innovation. In every industry, the leading companies are the innovators. However the cadre of innovators keeps changing (www.scribd.com). Companies may seize upon a good idea that gives them an advantage for a while, but sooner or later, they cede this advantage to a competitor who has found an even better idea. As Nicholas Stein (2000) correctly mentioned, Innovation is at the heart of sustaining Vodafones competitive advantage. This holds very true as long as they wants to stay on top of their competitors and win the innovation game. Innovation is very important criterion for success in the future, (Horibe, Frances Dale Emy, 2001) an important study done on the rate of return of 17 successful in novations shows a mean return of 56% in comparison with an average Return on Investment (ROl) of 16%. It is clear that organizations need to innovate to survive and achieve good profit figures. What to innovate? Now we understood the importance of the role that innovation plays in Vodafone. The next important question now arise is where and which things to apply innovative ideas in Vodafone India. Suggestion and recommendation for where to apply innovations are as follows (www.scribd.com): Innovation can be applied to products, services, design, invention, development, process, and systems. To make a product or service compete with the new economy. This is essentially to educate organizations to move out of their traditional old habits1 to the new innovation culture. To avoid high risks: Avoiding high risks involving money, staying ahead of competition and high pay off opportunities are the essence of the innovation To gain long term market focus, as a result the Vodafone can save money. Use appropriate tools and techniques to identify at least two potential creative and innovative ideas Creative and Innovative Culture, Change Management: Three Easy Tests Creativity can be defined as problem identification and idea generation and innovation can be defined as idea selection, development and commercialisation. From this simple definition, it is clear that certain cultural characteristics ought to be prevalent if creativity and innovation are to be maximised. And maximisation of these ought to be a priority for senior leaders, as those organisations that take them seriously, tend to be leaders in their field, tend to maintain their leadership position longer and are quicker to bounce back when competitors leap frog (https://ezinearticles.com). There are many blocks that prevent expression of problems and hinder idea generation. Some solutions include (https://ezinearticles.com): An environment of psychological safety and freedom accepting an individual as unconditioned worth; recognising that the individual is capable of producing but that their value is not based on producing; understanding empathetically; understanding the ind ividual from their point of feeling and view (Vernon, 1970). Tolerance of failure Accepting that many ideas will fail before one worthwhile one will surface and reach commercialisation; recognising that there are benefits to failure, such as competency expansion Blade Runner was initially a commercial failure yet Ridley Scott went on to make some very successful movies. Though senior leaders pay lip service to the above, the reality is often much different. Below are some easy and simple tests to gauge how well Vodafone is performing in practice. Employee interviews. Are interviewees expected to conform to the prevalent norm of not contradicting the interviewer? If they do so, are they less likely to be selected? Interviewees who throw up many ideas and challenge existing methodologies at this stage are more likely to be expressive when they find problems in Vodafone and more likely to bring them to the attention of decision makers. They are also more likely to persuade o thers to do the same. Thought leaders are good drivers of change and prevent complacency though as a result it is not unusual to find that they cause friction with senior leaders who for some reason or other may be resistant to change. Remember, todays thought leaders can easily become tomorrows established bureaucracy (https://ezinearticles.com). Are senior leaders confident enough to leave themselves open to evaluation from all others in Vodafone? Status deference has many negatives including (https://ezinearticles.com): Higher status individuals tend to dominate the session and reduce the participation of others, People allow higher status individuals to do all the idea generation People place higher value on ideas produced by higher status individuals and People have a greater tendency to allow higher status individuals to get away with bad ideas. Assess at least three risks and three benefits of the ideas identified above There are a number of reasons why creative ideas fail to become innovations. Sometimes it is because the idea, which seems brilliant in concept, is flawed in application. More often, the problem is that organisations invest in creative ideation initiatives (often called innovation initiatives), such as brainstorming events, idea management, ideas campaigns and the like, but fail to invest in implementing the most creative ideas that come from those initiatives. Indeed, they have probably experienced this typical scenario: Vodafone invests in generating ideas via brainstorming events that involve a lot of highly paid managers and researchers. A number of promising creative ideas are generated. Sometimes business plans are developed. Sometimes prototypes are built, sometimes not, but, at some point between the identification of a promising idea and beginning to implement that idea, the idea is killed (www.jpb.com). There are many reasons why creative ideas are killed however al most all of them have to do with risk. Implementing a new idea is perceived as risky and people in the Vodafone do not wish to undertake that risk. So, the idea is killed. Needless-to-say, investing in a creative idea generation initiative in order to generate creative ideas they will never implement is an expensive method of accomplishing absolutely nothing (www.jpb.com). Unwillingness to implement creative ideas is not only a weakness with companies, individuals have the same problem. Imagine a young person applying for a job with Levi Strauss Co and having the idea to write her CV on a pair of Levis jeans and sending it to her perspective employer. Such a creative approach to applying for a job would almost certainly stand out and grab the attention of the hiring person. It could very well result in an interview particularly if the Vodafone values creativity as Levi Strauss does. Or it could result in the CV imprinted jeans being promptly rubbished as ridiculous. In my experi ence, most people who had such a creative idea would be unwilling to risk carrying it out (www.jpb.com). Such a waste of creative time, energy and money does no one any good and makes the world a more boring place than it could be. The Idea Before Vodafone implement their idea, they need to describe it in detail. Separately, they should describe what makes the idea special, that is: what is the unique selling point (USP)? Once Vodafone have done this, ask their self how they might push the USP even further in order to make their idea even more special. Benefits and Risks The next step is to do a simple risk versus benefits analysis. That may sound complex, but might simply be a matter of drawing up a table with a column labelled benefits and one called risks. Then simply lists the benefits and risks in their appropriate columns. If the risks are greater than the benefits, they need to rethink their idea and focus on greater benefits (www.jpb.com). Describe at least two appropriate change models to support the implementation of the creative and innovative ideas identified above in the organization Integrated Innovation Process Management Vodafone as an innovative organization, however, should not have a single innovation process cycle in operation. Rather it should have many of them! Large cycles are suitable for enterprise-wide innovation. Meanwhile, business units can run somewhat smaller innovation process cycles in order to manage their own ideas (although it should be noted, collaborative groups need not be limited to employees of that business unit). Teams, departments and any other group can also run their own innovation process cycles (www.jpb.com). However, these innovation process cycles should not be in isolation. Rather they should inspire and feed other cycles elsewhere in the organisation. For instance, the implementation of a new product idea should inspire innovation cycles in the marketing, sales and customer service divisions as well as at the enterprise level (www.jpb.com). Managers should watch their colleagues innovation process cycles and ruthlessly copy ideas as inspirations for their own cycles. Task 2: Influencing change Identified and describe the characteristics of the main groups of stakeholders. Produce a rationale to persuade stakeholders of the benefits of a creative and innovative idea Thomas Edison had all the characteristics of a risk taker innovator. He was a divergent thinker, making observations about the natural world. He was not afraid of failure. The lessons learned in one of his failures led to success in another project. In addition to the light bulb, his 1,093 patents included familiar ones such as the microphone batteries (The Creativity Handbook, 1994). Creative leadership must facilitate positive relationships in organizations to produce profitable growth through innovation. They now know that creativity is not a personality trait that is available for geniuses. Everyone has unique knowledge and experiences that can be tapped, given the proper environment. This environment must be freed flowing and non-judging to take people through the mental block they learned in early childhood. These blocks are associated with the risk of being wrong (www.aiu.edu). The motivation for innovating comes largely from the joy of doing something that has never been done before. It is like going on an expedition and risking everything to be the first person to climb a mountain or sail around the world. It taps the same drive that exists within a composer or an artist who wishes to create something forever. Create a plan to communicate a creative and innovative management idea to the stakeholders identified above, persuade them of its benefits for the organization, and generate stakeholder feedback. Open Innovation or expanding the pool of brains thinking about their business problems outside of Vodafone is a concept that has gained significant and recent traction. The concept is very sound (https://blog.thinkforachange.com): Open innovation is a paradigm that assumes that firms can and should use external ideas as well as internal ideas, and internal and external paths to market, as the firms look to advance their technology. The boundaries between a firm and its environment have become more permeable; innovations can easily transfer inward and outward. The central idea behind open innovation is that in a world of widely distributed knowledge, companies cannot afford to rely entirely on their own research, but should instead buy or license processes or inventions (e.g. patents) from other companies. In addition, internal inventions not being used in a firms business should be taken outside the company (e.g., through licensing, joint ventures, spin-offs) It used to be th at innovation was something that happened deep in the bowels of corporate RD departments. Secretive folks lurked there and lived by the code of NIH or Not Invented Here. A motto that held that if RD didnt think of it, then it didnt exist or wouldnt work or should be ignored. Except a funny thing happenedthe ideas started drying up. Game changing ideas became few and far between. More of the same survived and less of the unexpected was developed. Then one day, some very smart innovation management consultants showed these organizations that there is no such thing as an all or nothing approach to innovation. Open innovation is but one branch of a well-rounded and comprehensive innovation management program. And for open innovation to truly work, they need to have their internal house in order first as it relates to idea and innovation management. Vodafone must have a solid and well managed internal innovation capability before seeking ideas from the outside world (https://blog.thin kforachange.com). That means: Having a strong executive sponsor engaged in the innovation strategy of the organization Having a proven set of processes, tools, techniques and training for moving ideas into prototypes and, eventually, products Having enough resources (human, financial, time, space and capability) to adequately support the idea and innovation management system Vodafone are putting into place Treating innovation and idea management, not as some singular event, but as a true business discipline and strategy for growth Developing a list of problems and/or opportunities that the organization wants to invest money and effort into finding solutions Developing a strategy for seeking ideas from inside and outside of the organization Developing a clear and communicated set of selection and filtering criteria for idea submission and consideration to ensure the idea pool is manageable Determining the utilization of the closed innovation system for the res earch, development, prototyping, portfolio management and launch planning that Vodafone dont want their competitors finding out about Developing a workable system for protecting the intellectual property rights of all parties in the process Show how you would use feedback from stakeholders to identify key goals and priorities for the innovation. Focusing on Customers Executives acknowledged that business has had to learn these lessons many times, and the need to create a culture where innovation can thrive is not new. A big part of the leaders role is to distract the organization away from itself and its own inner workings and dynamics, and shift the focus to customers, creating the openings where innovative ideas become possible (www.poststone.com). Allow enough time The rapid pace of business tends to create an overload of initiatives and a rush to complete projects as quickly as possible, and creates a significant barrier to sustainable progress. Business moves too fast; you need tenacity to innovate One approach recommended is for leaders to lengthen the time for goal achievement, and encourage staff to spend the necessary time thinking deeply about a problem, gathering data, and moving forward in a thoughtful way (www.poststone.com): People tend to give up when they cant get results quickly. You need to give longer goals, give people time, and ask them to do it slowly and thoughtfully. Generating good ideas is not always the issue: prioritization and resourcing of a few key initiatives is often more important in making significant progress. Task 3: Over coming barriers Identify at least four possible barriers to the implementation of change in an organization De-bunking the Myths of Innovation The executive panel saw little merit in much of the conventional wisdom about innovation, and de-bunked the myths for Vodafone India: The new product myth There is a strong tendency to focus on product innovations, however executives generally see this type of innovation as highly visible, but not necessarily critical to business success (Levitt, et. al. 2005). The breakthrough idea myth While creating the environment where Vodafone staff will speak and tell them their ideas received considerable emphasis, the idea itself is rarely sufficient. Canada was noted as the home of many good ideas that have not had enough sustained effort, persistence and resources to achieve results (Soto, Hernando de, 2000). The creative chaos myth Many business processes support innovation better when they are consistent and measurable. With a consistent and known process, ideas for change can be implemented in a way that employees can understand and execute successfully. The new process can then be integrated into routine and evaluated (Collins, Jim, 2001). Without a consistent baseline to build on, its difficult to see if a new idea would work, and just as difficult to implement successfully. The creative individual myth The power of creative individuals with insight is rarely enough to move the organization, regardless of the level of seniority. High-potential young managers cannot sally forth as ambassadors for a new order and meet with success. The whole organization needs to be mobilized, through accountability at all levels (www.poststone.com). Plan a strategy to overcome these identified barriers. Most approaches to strategic planning put an emphasis in answering the question What should the organization do? The answer to this question is very important for Vodafone. However it does not ensure that the organization is enabled to create value and to make the right strategic decisions. Strategy execution and monitoring of success have been identified as characteristic problem areas in organizational practice (Avila, et. al., 1995). Putting the proposals into practice, the Vodafone can address a more comprehensive set of issues related to fundament, execution and funding (Deloitte, 2005): Fundament. Why should the organization choose this way? What are the underlying assumptions, the tradeoffs, and the risks? How should the organization respond if one of these assumptions turns out to be flawed or changes? Execution. How does the organization do it? What are steps for implementation? Who is accountable for this process? How does the organization keep track of execution and success? Commitment. How can the organization achieve commitment among the management team and all employees? How can the organization inform employees? Funding. What will the outcome of the strategic planning cost in total? How will the organization fund the planning results? What is the expected return and will it meet the internal hurdle rates for return? Taking into account the broad perspective for strategic planning and considering execution, monitoring and funding issues, the organization and its managers can gain a clear view of where they are going and why. They will also know how to monitor the progress and can assess the payoff. Monitoring of both market data and operational data against planning assumptions as well as sustaining organizational flexibility represents another field of strategic planning improvements (www.themanager.org). Due to consideration of capital allocation and funding issues it is also clear, which other critical corporate processes wi ll be influenced from the strategic planning outcome. Summarizing and bundling this outcome in so called strategic campaigns or strategic initiatives helps the organization to focus and improves intra-organizational communication (Dye et. al., 2007). Explain how the strategy plan will help overcome resistance. Hitchhiking creates ideas that combine the best ideas of everyone on the team. It can also help during implementation if all members see a piece of their idea in the final solution (www.aiu.edu). Creating an environment that is tolerant of mistakes is difficult. It must be made clear that mistakes are acceptable if they are based on solid thinking, enhance learning of what will not work, and are caught early before damage is severe. There must be support for the people who were on the team of the project that failed. The Kirton Adapter: Innovator (KAI) inventory measures preferred styles for problem- solving. The adaptor prefers to be creative within the present system. The innovator wants to create new definitions of the problem and new systems. Thus, both types are creative, but their styles are different. Adapters include bank managers, accountants, production managers, and programmers. Innovators include persons in marketing, finance, and fashion buyers (www.aiu.edu). Create a PowerPoint presentation to communicate the strategy plan to at least five groups of stakeholders See attached PowerPoint File.

The Effects Of Violent Video Games On Children - 1769 Words

The question is why children are being affected by these games. Is it that the child are mimicking what they see or is it effecting the child’s brain. At Indiana University, Dr. Vincent Matthews decided to create a study to watch brain patterns after playing violent video games. They performed three different tests to find out how these games impacted the brain. They picked out 28 students from campus to play either violent video games, first person shooter games, or non-violent games. What they found was after a couple hours playing these games that those who play violent video games showed no brain activity in areas involving emotions, attention, and impulses. There is science behind violent video games and their negative effects on people. Researchers ran another test after the participants played the games. They held up cards with non-violent words like run or walk, and they were in different colors. They also held up cards with violent words like hit or push which were a lso in different colors. Those who play violent video games were equal to the non-violent video game players in the original testing but when it came to the violent words, violent video gamers should no brain activity in the area of emotion like the non-violent gamers. When faced with violent topics, the gamers were desensitized to the topic. Alice Park stated in her article, How Playing Violent Video Games May Change the Brain, â€Å"The brain changes that Matthews’ group saw were similar to those seen inShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Violent Video Games On Children1074 Words   |  5 PagesVideo Games. Anderson et al. (2008), Anderson et al. (2010), Browne and Hamilton-Giachritsis (2005), Erwin and Morton (2008), Gentile and Stone (2005), and Jason et al. (2005) revealed a correlation between violent video games with immediate and later aggressive behavior. All of the research for the effects of violent videos games are conducted on older children and current research has not yet studied young children or preschoolers. It is important to note what research exclaims about the long-termRead MoreViolent Video Games Effect On Children1654 Words   |  7 Pagessamples of the dialog talked between kids who play games such as like â€Å"Call of Duty† or â€Å"Halo†. In today s age, kids frequently boast about the quantity of players they figured out how to kill while playing these video games. Two decades ago, this would not be the typical waste of time of an eleven year old, yet now kids are seeing this kind of brutal movement as simply one more approach to take a break on a Saturday morning. Since the video game market is blastin g at this moment because of progressiveRead MoreViolent Video Games and Their Effect on Children2104 Words   |  9 PagesProfessor Colbert English 128-03 7 April 2010 Violent Video Games and Their Effect on Children Ever since the creation of the first video game, they have had a certain effect on the individuals who play them. As video games have become more advanced and elaborate, children’s interest is at an all time high. With the degree of violence that has been a part of video games since the early 1990’s, parents and activists have claimed that these games are affecting children negatively. This claim only seems toRead MoreViolent Video Games Effects On Children934 Words   |  4 Pagestodays’ society is Violent video games effect negatively on youngsters. This issue is growing because many of these games are featured aggressive elements that lead youngsters towards violence. For most players, video games are fun but also violent games take over the lives of some player. Since the world of video games was started in the 1980s, the video games still getting new level of popularity in this world. Most people are getting really addictive of these violent video games. T he first importantRead MoreThe Effects Of Violent Video Games On Children1359 Words   |  6 PagesKhan, Mohammad Salman English 1001 Rebekah Barton 5/4/2015 Effects of Violent Video Games â€Å"Boom! Headshot† â€Å"Time to kill that commie bastard† these are not from some war movies or documentaries. These are the dialogues of some recent games in market. In modern age, children often feel proud about the number of people or enemy they managed to kill when they are playing these games in various console. While even a decade before, this would not be the normal past time of an eleven year old teenage kidRead MoreThe Effects Of Violent Video Games On Children Essay1558 Words   |  7 Pages† Studies has shown that children that play violent video games desensitize players to real-life acts of violence, the Journal of Experimental Social Psychology says that it is a reduction in emotion-related physiological reactivity to real violence. It is also proven that people who are desensitized to violence are likely to commit a violent crime of some type. In 2011 there was a study that resulted in the finding of a link between the exposure of violent vide o games and an increase in aggressionRead MoreThe Effects Of Violent Video Games On Children2016 Words   |  9 PagesMaisonneuve Professor Haynes CENG 102 04 December 2015 The Effects of Violent Video Games On Children Newton N. Minow once said, â€Å"Children will watch anything, and when a broadcaster uses crime and violence and other shoddy devices to monopolize a child’s attention, it’s worse than taking candy from a baby. It is taking precious time from the process of growing up†.The media is a powerful tool that in a very influence on children. There are many things that the youth in today s society isRead MoreThe Effects Of Violent Video Games On Children1258 Words   |  6 Pagesminutes into playing a violent video game the average person becomes desensitized to the fact that they are killing someone. Now it it may seem like nothing when you play these games. But when people, especially children play them often it starts to become the only thing that they think about. Even if it is â€Å"just a character† in a game it becomes so to them to pull that trigger. I’ve witnessed this happen in my own household and I don’t hesitate to say: violent v ideo games are poisonous to the brainRead MoreThe Effects Of Violent Video Games On Children1790 Words   |  8 PagesGaming the Violent Life Throughout recent years there has been many stories, well, more like excuses that adolescents have blamed violent video games for their violent behaviors. Can children truly use this as their excuse anymore? Many studies on this subject have recently been in the spotlight over the concern of young violent offenders, with numerous governing leaders and child developmental specialist concerned whether violent video games are the true cause of violence in children. With the growingRead MoreThe Effects Of Violent Video Games On Children902 Words   |  4 Pagesrestless minds. Violent video games are a conflict in modern day society because children are witnessing harsh behaviors that are conditioning them to believe it is acceptable to commit these actions displayed before their eyes. There are many health effects that are involved with participating in these products of entertainment such as an increase in aggression, poor social skills and the formation of terrible habits. The ideas that will be discussed in this essay will pertain to how children are becoming

Accounting Software Packages Accounting Programming

Question: Describe about the Accounting Software Packages for Accounting Programming. Answer: Introduction It is very important to pick the right accounting programming softwares and packages so that organizations can save time and money, do fewer mistakes, and expand a predominant cognizance of business accounts. Awesome business accounting or writing computer programs is proposed for people who are not accountants. Basic accounting software or packages and computer programs are humble and really easy to use. This report includes the literature review on best accounting software packeages utilized in the nation Australia. Accounting software packages used in Australia:Literature review The accompanying miracle in accounting programming may be dependent on organizations. In case any association is not set up to discard its obsolete, elite programming pack, client server, the organization may be in a practically identical circumstance as those associations back in the late 1980s they didn't believe that they needed computers. Abbas and Burney in 2016 has observed that the weights and demands of consistence may be behind the audit and accounting industry not giving advancement its due highlight (Abbas and Burney, 2016). Almiron, Almeida, and Miranda state: "frankly, advancement can automate a considerable measure of consistence reporting, cash related reporting, and organization reporting"(Almiron, Almeida, and Miranda, 2009). Witherspoon and Stone, an official of PT Partners Accountants and Business Advisors as well as the Australian Bookkeepers Network, saw that the couple of associations basically needn't bother with additional reports (Witherspoon and Stone, 2013) . That is stunning when an organization considers its mistake rates and comapares it with other organizations then they need accounting software package to keep track of quarter to quarter arrangements in the organization, net incomes, pay, or to check whether their expenses are extending or not. Working with an agent or clerk on standard reporting could give better results. The computerization of little business organizations accounting need a electronic system for the explanation of the organization accounting details. Organizations accounting programming can make the BAS report, and the organization need the best accounting software package, obviously, even help to fill the paper and make a records with the ATO, and accounting software potentially reducing the ATO's costs and speeding the accounting work. Beside the end-of-quarter and end-of-year errands, the accounting software really makes it easy to choose the unmistakable work with the help of accounting software package. Lat er, Hyvnen, Jrvinen and Pellinen clear up why this can be useful (Hyvnen, Jrvinen and Pellinen, 2006)."The time to set up organizations accounting writing computer programs is the time when association starts a business. It is essential thing that they should do resulting in getting unmistakbale accounting work," says S. Quinn and Pope (S. Quinn and Pope, 2014). Notwithstanding the way that they plan to do their own specific bookkeeping guarantee them to set up the accounting software package professionally. It's not a noteworthy task, and once it's done fittingly organization can utilize it for best accouning work. In any case, overlook the main issue and organizations are reporting the wrong figures in the BAS and compensation cost shapes, too, has had an erroneous point of view of how the business is performing. If a business is not adequately gigantic to legitimize even lower support accounts collaborator and neither the principals nor their life accomplices require the liveliho od, organizations can attract a bookkeeping organization. It may be worth seeking out one with an inclination in the field of business in case if they are a producer, a representative that has in advance quite recently worked on the best practices which may not fit properly. Accounting Software Packages Example According to the research of James in 2013 MYOB is one of the best accounting programming programs in Australia, and it may be a best and essential working accounting software package (James, 2013). The stage was formed beginning with no outside assistance to play out organization ordinary accounting limits. Regardless, despite this, it was composed to help business visionaries grow advantage and settle on better decisions with a consistent point of view of a business' money related operations. For some Australian business visionaries, the ATO pleasing limit is a colossal attraction. MYOB's free ATO-ensured SuperStream course of action is expected to help associations stay best in class with the consistence responsibilities moreover gives the ability to organizations to work online with the bookkeeping staff. According to the Small Business Administration, there are around 121 million associations with under five-hundred specialists in the Australia. In case each one spent overall 1, 000 on accounting organizations and programming yearly the potential business area would be 120 billion(James, 2013. Law and Robson state that Intuit is assessed to have 89% bit of the general business of the little business accounting and obligation programming (Law and Robson, 2011). Using their 2009 pay of 3.1 B organizations gets the item bit of that expense would be about 3.5 billion, and leaving 56.5 billion for little business accounting organizations. As shown by the Creswell report in SBA there are about 1.3 million small accounting or bookkeeping firms so that infers the typical gross salary would be about $43,000. Accounting programming packs from QuickBooks lead the business part. QuickBooks' organizations accounting programming wraps have wound up being the most predominant among proprietors of little and medium assessed associations. There are diverse clarifications behind this, yet a champion amongst the most basic is that they needn't trouble with much association in accounting to use them feasibly. Pretty much anyone can present and use the item for their business. Association's records can be recorded quickly and accurately definitely. Such settlement suggests that business visionaries are inclined to have more chance to concentrate on various business works out, for instance, meeting suppliers and developing their thing goes. Further, Witherspoon and Stone have reported that the noticeable quality of QuickBooks' extent of programming activities for minimal, medium and creating associations originates from the way that business visionaries can manage their assets without the necessity for formal accounting get ready. Industry-specific things: Each industry has exceptional requirements, methodology and organization essentials (Witherspoon and Stone, 2013). By making programming that thinks about this, QuickBooks ended up being typically used by little and medium-size associations in various endeavors far and wide. However, Ogilvy and Riggs specify that most little business accounting writing computer programs is extremely cheap (Ogilvy and Rigg s, 2014). Automated off-site fortification is straightforward. In the occasion when accounting software package is used legitimately in the organizations can get more direction and less poor work from the accountant at the same expense. Cloud and mutt cloud structures can give the organizations clerk "live" access to the records. Data may start from bank feeds, reports delivered with several ticks. BAS may be held up electronically. Practically, the space required is free of the measure of data being secured. Digitizing any interesting paper reports, for instance, receipts to extra space is easily done with the help of accounting software package.Shubik in 2011 reports that most little business accounting writing computer programs is extremely cheap.Automated off-site fortification is basic (Shubik, 2011). Cloud organizations and another participation orchestrate lock into a surge of portions. Trading between undertakings requires effort. Accounting software may extend the charges if used disgracefully, and then increase the work for the accountant. There is a threat that a clerk or accountant may focus on groups or spftwares that suits their business rather than organizations. The working presence of hard plates infers an intensive support organization is vital. When organizations perform programming reviews, accounting package lifes range is constantly become more and more complex and become determination component for organizations and everyone kept an eye on programming applications. An asset application like CommonCents is a nice instance of a "come and gone" cash application. In light of current circumstances, while asking about and selecting the once-over underneath of the best little business accounting programming in Australia, organizations anticipated that would ensure that they were selecting those with a high probability of being around one year from now, a long time from now, or even quite a while from now. Ogilvy and Riggs state that the associated customers advancement, salary limit, noticeable quality, and customer reviews are required to assess each accounting software package(Ogilvy and Riggs, 2014). Concerning life range of little business accounting programming applications, pay is one of the best parts. Carter studies explain that a phase that is losing money ought to be sold at some point or another or close down. In that limit, organizations focused on paid and free accounting programming with salary creating potential. Just in light of the fact that an accounting writing computer programs is free does not mean it is not a pay generator. Conclusion Before settling on any decision for selecting best accounting software, negotation with traders, complete look at the instruments, download trial interpretations if available, and speak up with various affiliations those provide accounting software packages to perceive best application which can support everyones necessities for accounting software is must. Moreover, it should always be kept in mind about fixing the costs of setting up the new accounting software package within association.Whichever pack an organization finally picks, it still extremely recommends working with an accountant instructed in charitable accounting who can help to pick the right package, and also outline it in a way that will meet the ordinary needs and necessities in the midst of obligation arranging. References Abbas, Z. and Burney, A. (2016). A Survey of Software Packages Used for Rough Set Analysis. JCC, 04(09), pp.10-18. Allen, D. (2016). Online accounting that makes tax time a breeze. Almiron, M., Almeida, E. and Miranda, M. (2009). The reliability of statistical functions in four software packages freely used in numerical computation. Brazilian Journal of Probability and Statistics, 23(2), pp.107-119. Carter, J. (2016). Different Types of Accounting Software Packages. Creswell, C. (2015). How to choose the best accounting software. Hyvnen, T., Jrvinen, J. and Pellinen, J. (2006). The role of standard software packages in mediating management accounting knowledge. Qualitative Research in Accounting Management, 3(2), pp.145-160. James, D. (2013). 7 accounting packages for Australian small businesses compared: including MYOB, QuickBooks Online, Reckon, Xero Read more: https://www.bit.com.au/Review/344651,7-accounting-packages-for-australian-small-businesses-compared-including-myob-quickbooks-online-reckon-xero. Law, M. and Robson, G. (2011). An Investigation Into Computerized Estimating Software Used In Accounting For Cost Estimates By Residential Builders. RBIS, 13(2). Moines, D. (2016). 5 Best Small Business Accounting Software in Australia. Ogilvy, R. and Riggs, D. (2014). Young People's Experiences of Receiving Individual Packages of Care in South Australia. Children Australia, 39(01), pp.49-54. Ryan, E. (2012). The evolution of accounting software:past,present and future. Quinn, L. and Pope, E. (2014). A Few Good Accounting Packages. Shubik, M. (2011). A Note on Accounting and Economic Theory: Past, Present, and Future. Accounting, Economics, and Law, 1(1). Witherspoon, C. and Stone, D. (2013). Analysis and Sentiment Detection in Online Reviews of Tax Professionals: A Comparison of Three Software Packages. Journal of Emerging Technologies in Accounting, 10(1), pp.89-115.

The Song Of Songs Essay Summary Example For Students

The Song Of Songs Essay Summary CONTENTSINTRODUCTION1Canonicity1Authorship and Dating2INTERPRETATION4Allegorical4Literal5Wedding Cycle5Pastoral Drama6CONCLUSION6INTRODUCTIONThe Song of Songs, or Song of Solomon, is a unique book in the Old Testament canon. The book contains exquisitely beautiful lyric poetry, full of sensuous symbolism.Because of the sexual nature of Song of Songs, the message of this book has been debated for the past eighteen-hundred years. The erotic content of this book has lead it into canonicity problems and authorship problems.These issues have become central to the interpretation of the Song of Songs. CanonicityThe issue of the canonicity of Song of Songs was a major subject of debate at the 90 A.D. Council of Jamnia.Jewish Rabbis from across the spectrum of Judaism assembled in order to close in Jewish Canon. At that time, many rabbis who opposed the Song of Songs and other works toke the opportunity to argue against their inclusion in Jewish Canon. It was the Palestinian rabbinical school of Shammai that stood in the fore of the opposition for canonization of Song of Songs. They argued that nothing could be considered scripture that was being employed in lewd, barroom songs. Fortunately the cause of Song of Songs was championed by the less stringent Babylonian rabbinical school of Hillel.The entire universe is not as worthy as the day on which the Song of Songs was given to Israel, for all the Writings are holy, but the Song of Songs are the Holy of Hollies.Lead by the defense of Rabbi Aqiba, the Hillal school succeeded in maintaining the canonicity of Song of Songs!. We will write a custom essay on The Song Of Songs Summary specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Authorship and DatingWhile the different schools represented at the Council of Jamnia may have held opposing views of the canonicity and interpretation, both held to the belief that King Solomon was the author of the work. It was not until the advent of modern textual criticism that questions began to arise over the authorship of Song of Solomon.The view now held by the majority of biblical scholars is that Song of Solomon, in reality, may have nothing more to do with Solomon than use of his name. Instead, scholars believe that Song of Songs represents a conglomeration of smaller love poems or songs. These poems, 20 to 30 in all, were collected by an unknown editor(s) for their consistent themes, and placed in the anthology which is found today. Unfortunately, the nature of Song of Songs as an anthological work precludes precise dating of the material. However, there are several textual clues within the work which allow for citing a general range of years. The naming of the city of T irzah in 6:4 is evidence that the compilation must have occurred sometime before 876 B.C. This is because Tirzah, compared to Jerusalem in the verse, ceased to be the capital of Israel in 876 B.C. when Omri moved the Northern capital to Samaria.Further evidence used to limit the possible span of years is found in the presence of Aramaic, Persian, and Greek words in the text.The presence of these words means that the work antedates the sixth century B.C.All internal evidence considered, the best dating available places the compilation of Song of Songs between 400 and 300 B.C. INTERPRETATIONAllegoricalFirst among the four primary, modern approaches to the interpretation of Song of Songs is the Allegorical approach. This view of Song of Songs is one of the two oldest interpretations, and was forwarded by the Midrash, Targum, and Medieval Jewish commentators. This interpretation states that the intended message of Song of Songs is an allegory of God and Israel. The succession of events flows from the Sinai Covenant through subsequent events. Later, the early church fathers adapted this view to Christianity by changing the role of Israel to that of the Church. LiteralThe second of the two oldest interpretations of Song of Songs is the literal approach. At one time held by a few Jewish rabbis, this view fell out of acceptance in leu of the allegorical interpretation. Among the Christian fathers who accepted this approach were Theodore of Mopsuestia and Sebastian Castellio, both of whom were criticized for their opinion. The literal view saw Song of Songs as no thing more than a collection of love poems. Useful for exemplifying the nature of Godly love, but otherwise only poems. Wedding CycleAmong the more recent interpretations proposed by Christians is the wedding cycle. This interpretation is basically a revised,and more specific form of the literal interpretation. First presented by Herder in 1778, the view of Song of Solomon as a group of songs used in palestinian and syrian weddings has reopened the consideration of the work. Herder contends that Song of Songs represents a wedding anthology. There is a surprising amount of evidence to corroborate this conclusion. Throughout the book one can find rituals and customs followed in palestinian and syrian wedding celebrations. Pastoral DramaThe final major interpretation is the pastoral drama approach. Supported by Ewald and Delitzsch, this position claims that Song of Songs was originally intended to be a dramatic presentation. The entire book is a play with either two (Delitzsch), or thr ee (Ewald) characters. Delitzschs version held that Solomon and some rustic maiden were the two characters. Ewalds three character version assumed a third person, the maidens shepherd lover. Both of these views suggested that the work was meant to either be read aloud, or acted out. CONCLUSIONToday, the majority of Christians belief in the Allegorical interpretation of Song of Songs, with a large number holding to the literal interpretation. However,it is not because of informed scholarship that most Christians hold to their particular view, but rather they are responding to what they have been taught from their youth. This is evidenced in the fact that a large percentage of Christians still adamantly believe that Song of Solomon was in fact written by Solomon. Whether or not the general Christian populace will ever come to understand why they believe, what they believe concerning the Song of Songs is indeterminate. .uaab157b0109d1c5c226d896b4d08557c , .uaab157b0109d1c5c226d896b4d08557c .postImageUrl , .uaab157b0109d1c5c226d896b4d08557c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uaab157b0109d1c5c226d896b4d08557c , .uaab157b0109d1c5c226d896b4d08557c:hover , .uaab157b0109d1c5c226d896b4d08557c:visited , .uaab157b0109d1c5c226d896b4d08557c:active { border:0!important; } .uaab157b0109d1c5c226d896b4d08557c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uaab157b0109d1c5c226d896b4d08557c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uaab157b0109d1c5c226d896b4d08557c:active , .uaab157b0109d1c5c226d896b4d08557c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uaab157b0109d1c5c226d896b4d08557c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uaab157b0109d1c5c226d896b4d08557c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uaab157b0109d1c5c226d896b4d08557c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uaab157b0109d1c5c226d896b4d08557c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uaab157b0109d1c5c226d896b4d08557c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uaab157b0109d1c5c226d896b4d08557c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uaab157b0109d1c5c226d896b4d08557c .uaab157b0109d1c5c226d896b4d08557c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uaab157b0109d1c5c226d896b4d08557c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Sssss EssayBibliographyAdeney, Walter F. The Song of Solomon and the Lamentations of Jeremiah. New York: A. C. Armstrong and Son, 1903. Bunn, John T. Song of Solomon. The Broadman Bible Commentary. Nashville: Broadman, 1969. Gordis, Robert. The Song of Songs and Lamentations: A Study, Modern Translation and Commentary. New York: KTAV Publishing House, 1974. Pope, Marvin H. Song of Songs: A New Translation with Introduction and Commentary. The Anchor Bible Series. Garden City: Doubleday, 1977. Terrien, Samuel. ed. The Interpreters Bible. Vol. 5. Nashville: Abingdon Press, 1951. S. v. The Song of Songs: Introduction, by Theophile J. Meek.